Mold for casting metals



' a 3 Sheets-Sheet 1' G. P. BRUSH. V MOLD FOR CASTING METALS;

(No Model.)

Patented Feb. 1.9, 18 84.

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v O.P.BRUSH. MOLD FOR GASTINGYMETALSU Patented Feb. '19, 1884.

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G. FYBRUSH.

MOLD FOR CASTING METALS,

.No..2 9s,710. Patented Peb. 19, 1884.

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N. PETERS. Pholo-Lilhognphzr. Wahingmn. ac

llivirnn STATES PArnNr/ @rmcn.

CHARLES 1i BRUSH, or CLEVELAND, OHIO.

-MOLD FOR CASTING METALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,710, dated February19, 1884. Application filed October 24. 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES F. BRUSH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, county of Guyahoga, State of Ohio, have inventedor discovered a new and useful Improvement in Molds for Casting Metals;andl do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, andexact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, making a part of this Specification, in which like lettersindicating like parts Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a perspective view of mydouble mold for casting plates with leaves or projections on each sidethereof, the mold being shown open and resting on its stand. Fig. 2,Sheet 1, is a similar view of amold for casting single platesi. e.plates having leaves or projections on one side only. Fig. 3, Sheet 2,is an edge view to an enlarged scale of my mold, it being represented asclosed by full lines and slightly opened by broken lines, for thepurpose of illustrating the locking device. Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a sideelevation of one-half of my mold on the same scale as Fig. 3, showingthe inner face of the mold on the same scale as Fig. 3. Fig. 5, Sheet-3, is a side elevation of one-half of my mold, the scale being somewhatreduced,showingthe outsidethereof. Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a detached viewon a still moreenlarged scale, showing in section portions of the moldshown in Fig. 4, the section being taken on the line 00-00, Fig. 4. Fig.7, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal Section on the line y 3 i at, of the moldproper, the end bar,"having therein a part of the filling-head, beingshown in section." Fig. 8, Sheet 3, is a sectional view of one of thehinges. Fig. 9, Sheet 3, is a sectional view, showing amodified form ofone of the strips. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal and theii closing the-moldstill submerged, as is fully set forth in a separate application,whereby the difficulties heretofore encountered in producing castingshaving their leaves or obviated; and my invention consists, in gentionof the parts of such a mold and devices appertaining thereto, all ashereinafter more fully described and claimed.

The flask is composed of two parts, each part consisting of the frame ormold carrier and the mold proper. The frame or carrier A is arectangularlyshaped casting, and is braced or strengthened by three ormore longitudinal bars, a, (see Fig. 5,) cast in one piece with theframe. The lower transverse bar, a, of the frame is sloped downward fromthe outside of the carrier, so as to enter the molten metal witha'wedge-like action, and thereby avoid, to a great extent, any splashingof the molten metal when thefiask is suddenly plunged therein. On thislower transverse bar are cast two projecting arms or lugs, c which formthe continuations of the wedge-like bar a. In the lower. ends of thesebars are arranged the hinges, to be hereinafter described, by which thetwo parts of the flask are hinged together, On the upper crossbar of thecarrier are cast two curved arms or lugs, a, through which passes thehandle a by which the flask is manipulated. At intervals along theinside of each of the longitudinal bars of the carrier A are formedshort bosses or projections a, and on these bosses rests the moldproper, which is held in place by bolts a, (see Fig. 6,) passing throughthe longitudinal bars and the bosses therein, and'screwing into the backof the mold proper. These bosses keep the mold B away from the carrier Aand allow a free access of the molten metal to all parts of the flask,thereby insuring an equal expansion of all the parts, and preventing toa great extent any warping and twisting of any of the parts. One-half ofthe mold proper, B, consists of an outside frame whose inner edges formthe outer walls of the matrix, and a series of Iongitudinal steel stripsproperly Spaced or sepa+ rated, forming the matrix itself. The outsideprojections on one or both sides are practically cral terms, in theconstruction and combinaframe is made in four pieces, I) b'b b the barsI) and b, Fig. l, forming the top and bottom and bars I) and I) thesides of the mold. The upper bar, b, is recessedlongitudinally at I) onthe inner surface to form one-half of a filling-head, and this recess isconnected 1 with the matrix of the mold by slots If, (more portion ofthe steel strips 0.

fully shown in Fig. 7.) Thus provision is made to supply the lossarising from shrinkage during the solidification of the casting. Thelower cross-bar, I), has formed thereon two projecting lugs, b", whichare recessed at b on their inner surfaces, said recesses opening attheir inner ends into the matrix. In these recesses are formed lugs onthe cast plates, by which they can be carried, or to which handles orother devices may be attached.

The matrix or inner part of the mold is made up of a large number ofsteel strips, 0, arranged longitudinally within the frame.

The steel strips 0 are beveled off at c on one side for about half theirwidth, to give the draft necessary for withdrawal of the leaves of thecasting from between the strips 0. The bevel c on the strips is formedby grinding, and the grinding should be effected with the strips lyin gin a plane parallel to the axis of the grinding-wheel, so that theminute grooves indicated by fine lines on the beveled surface in Fig. 7,which are inevitably produced in any grinding operation, will betransverse to the length of the strips, and will lie in planes parallelto the direction in which the casting is withdrawn; consequently themetal which will flow into these grooves in casting will not present anyhinderance to the easy withdrawal of the casting, as would be the casewere these grooves formed longitudinally in the beveled portions of thestrips. These strips 0 are separated or held apart to form spaces orgrooves between them, into which the molten-metal can flow by brassstrips 0, having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of theleaves to be cast, and a width equal to the unbeveled In place of usingthe brass strips 0' for separating the strips 0 and forming the bottomof the spaces between them, these strips 0 may be made thicker, and theupper part thereof, on one side, be so cut or ground away as to form ashoulder, 0 (see Fig. 9,) the bevel 0 being formed above said shoulder,as clearly shown. To brace, if need be, the leaves of the casting formedin the spaces between the strips, the strips 0 are notched, as at c, atequal intervals along their length. These notches c are V-shaped and ofa width greater than the distance between two adjoining strips, 0, andform, when the strips are put in position to form the matrix, acontinuous groove across the mold. (See Fig. 4.) The ends of the strips0 are also beveled off at c" for about one-half of their width, andform, in connection with the end bars, I) and b, a channel at each endof the mold, along which the metal can flow. The upper one of thesechannels is connected with the recess b, forn 1ing part of thefilling-head, by the notches b, and thus form a passage along which themetal in the filling-head can flow to the upper ends of each one of thespaces between the strips 0; and, further, these channels at each end ofthe mold form a transverse leaf at each end of the completed casting, ofconsiderable thickness, which brace the longitudinal leaves at theirends and protect them from accidental injury.

Through the body or unbevelcd portion of the strips 0, through the brassstrips 0, and through the side bars, b and b", are bored holes, throughwhich pass rods 0, threaded at their ends, and on these rods are screwedthe cap-nuts c", fitting into the enlarged portion of the holes in theside bars. These nuts force and hold the strips and side bars firmlytogether, thus forming what-is practically a solid plate of metal,having formed on one side thereof a series of narrow longitudinalgrooves tapering from the top to the bottom, and also two, three, ormore wider transverse grooves similarly tapered. The end bars, I) andI), are secured to the parts above described by screws passing throughtheir ends into the side bars, I) and I)", as indicated by dotted linesin Fig. 4. The steel strips 0 are arranged together with their beveledsides facing outward from the center toward both sides, thefiat sides ofthe two central strips being placed together, as shown in Fig. 6, sothat, as the contraction of the metal in cooling is always from theoutside toward the center, the leaves of the casting between the stripswill be drawn away from the straight side of one strip toward thebeveled side of the next strip toward the center by the contraction ofthe web portion of the casting, thus facilitating the easy withdrawal ofthe casting from the mold. The ends of the steel and brass strips 0 andc and the sidebars, b and I)", are notched, near the lower edge thereof,to receive a tongue or rib, I), Fig. 7, 011 the inside edges of the topand bottom bars, Z) and b, thus forming a lock to keep the parts inposition and support the ends of the steel and brass strips 0 and c.

The half of the mold thus far described is ,used in casting both thedouble plates, (see Fig. 1,) and the single plates. (See Fig. 2.)

In casting double plates, or plates having leaves or projections on bothsides thereof, I employ as the other half of the mold a halfmold, S,nearly similar to the half-mold B in its construction. The differencesare as follows: The lugs s are not recessed, but are plain, servingsimply as covers for the recesses Z) in the lugs b of the half-mold 13,the whole of the handle or lug of the casting be ing formed in therecess b and to provide ribs or fins to which can be attached somedevice for extracting the casting from the mold B, the transverse leavesin this half of the casting projecting upwardly, and which would in suchcase correspond with the leaves formed in the' notches ciare nowprojected upward to agreaterheight, so that such added projection may beutilized as a means for taking hold of the casting and lifting it out bysuitable grippers, as describedin a separate application. Theconstruction by which this greater height of projecting leaf is securedis represented by an inverted section of a portion of the upper half, S,of the mold in Fig. 11, where 8 shows a suitable depth of notch-orrecess transversely across the steel strips, said notch extending alsointo the brass separating-strips,

for the making of fins on'the upper side of the casting enough higherthan those on the lower side to provide for the gripping and liftingfunction referred to. There will, therefore, be formed in this upperhalf, S, of the mold a casting having a series of longitudinal leavesand a series of transverse bracing-leaves; but these latter will extendabove the longitudinal leaves in the shape of ribs or fins, which. willserve as parts to which the gripping and lift ing device can beattached. These deepened grooves or notches 8 may be formed inbothhalves of the mold; but it is not necessary, as by lubricating that halfof the mold having the deepened grooves or notches a little more freelythan the other half thecasting will, on opening the mold, draw from thehalf S and adhere with greater tenacity to the other half, A

B, of the mold. v

I will next describe the construction of the other half, E, Fig. 2, usedin casting single plates-t. 6., plates with leavesor projections on oneside only. This second half, E, consists of a smooth fiat plate of metalhaving the same shape and size as the mold B, but having cuttransversely across its face a series of grooves, 6, preferablycorresponding in size and location to the grooves formed in the mold Bby the notches 0 in the strips 0. In these grooves e are formed fins orribs on the back of the plate, by which the plate can be drawn from themold 'B, the gripping and lifting device above referred to beingattached thereto.

for this purpose.- These fins or ribs are to be cut off after havingserved their intended purpose. A recess, 6, corresponding in locationand size to the recess 1) of the other half-mold, is also formed in thisplate E, and connected with the upper groove, 0, by notches c see Figs.2 and 10,) the two recesses e and b, when closed, forming the completefilling-head. The-lugs e are not recessed, but are plain, performing-thesame function as the lugs s of the half S. Both the half-molds S and-Eare secured to a carrier-frame similar to the frame A in its form andconstruction, in the same manner as the half-mold B.- "Thesecarrier-frames" are hinged together at their lower ends by any suitablehinge formed in or attached to the lugs c but I prefer the form ofhingewhich I will now describe, reference being had to Figs. 4 and'8 ofthe drawings.

As-some of the parts of the flask are larger than others, andconsequently .will expand more, when the mold is heated, provision mustbe made to compensate forthis unequal expansion, and so insure a perfectfitting of the two parts ofthe mold when closed in the molten metal, andto this end one of the arms or lugs a, on each carrier A is bored :outto just receive the pintle a; The other arm of each carrier is bored toreceive and allow considerable play to a sleeve, of, Fig. 8, which willto the normal distance between the two inside arms, cf, the parts of thehinge can be tightly drawn together without any danger of breaking orbending the arms. The outside parts of the hinge are proteeted by awasher, c Fig. 8, held in place by the nut a on the end of the pintle. i

To prevent the metal from spurting up when the two parts of the flaskare suddenly brought together in the molten metal, a guard, f, of sheetmetal, is attached to the upper cross-bar of one of the carriers, and isprovided with notches, into which fit the bars a of the other half ofthe carrier. The web or plate on which the thin leaves or projectionsare formed in casting is formed by making the outside bars I), b, If,and b slightly higher than the top edges'of the strips 0; but thisincrease in ele vation of the outside bars may be very slight, and, infact, may be wholly omitted, as there will always, in the use of thismold, be a small amount of metal caught between the perimeters of thetwo molds when they are closed in the molten bath; consequently, as thetwo molds never come into absolute contact when in use, a web will beformed inside of the mold. This metalso caught between the two parts ofthe mold is prevented from escaping from the slight opening between themby the sudden cooling of themetal caught between the edges of the mold,as above described, the chilled flask elosedwhilebeing withdrawn anduntil the metal is'set, wrist-pins a and a (see Figs. 3 and 12, areattached to each of the arms a. On these pins, oneach side of thehandles, I place the locking-bar D just before the mold which is tightlyclosed and swung from the handles (0 is dipped into the bath. This baris so placed (see Fig. 12) that the pin d rests against one of thewrist-pins a, the flat portion d of the bar D resting on the same pin,the pin a on the other handle resting at the same time in the straightslot (1 at the other end of the locking-bar. The flask is now immersedin the bath, and is then opened, which opening may be effected byallowing the two halves of the mold to swing from each other by gravitywhen their lower pivoting-point strikes the bottom of the bathtank, orby hand; or they may be forced apart by suitable mechanism provided forthe purpose, as set forth in a separate application for mechanism formanipulating the molds. This opening movement of the parts of the flaskdraws one of the pins a into the curved slot 11", and this end of thelocking-bar drops until the pin a lies in the upper part of the curvedslot (1, Fig. 13, the pin (0 having been pressed by the same movement ofthe parts of the flask against the pin (1 on the locking-bar D. Xow, theclosing of the parts of the flask causes the pin a to push against thesides of the curved slot d,holding the locking-bar stationary, while thepin a slides inward along the flat part (1 until it reaches the verticalpart d, when this end of the locking-bar drops down, the pin a enteringthe recess cl". (See Fig. 14.) The vertical part (1 and the outer wallof the recess (1" preferably form an arc of a circle whose radius isequal to the distance between the outside of the pins a and a, and whosecenter is located a little below the slot (1, so that asthe outer end ofthe lock ing-bar drops down the pins are drawn slightly toward eachother by the part (1 and the outer wall of the recess d with a wedgingaction. It will ,be observed that this locking-bar, in connection withthe pins on the handles, not only serves as a lock, but also preventstoo great a separation of the parts of the mold when in the moltenmetal.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the flasks containing double and single molds are shownopen and resting on astand, G, on which the flasks are deposited onbeing taken from the metal bath. The flask is closed when lifted fromthe molten metal, and is deposited on a stand, G, the pintle ofthe hingebeing placed in the hook secured to the posts The flask is then al lowedto lean against the support 11 Next, one part of the flask is drawn awayfrom the other and is laid down on the top ofthe stand. This part of theflask should be that one to which the casting adheres when the flask isopened, so the casting may be more easily seized and drawn from themold. After the casting is withdrawn, the flask is cooled down on thestand, and the half-flask lies in said pan when it is lowered onto thetable. I connect the pan g with awaste-basin, 9, arranged under thestand, by a pipe, 9. Afterthe mold has been properly cooled, asuitablelubricant is applied, and the mold is again in condition for use.

I do not herein limit myself to a hinge or jointed flask, but considerit within the scope of my invention to so connect the two parts of theflask that they may be moved toward and from each other in a directline; or they may be so jointed at either side or at the top, in placeof being jointed at the bottom, such substitute means for operatingflasks being well known in the art.

It is obvious that strips 0, instead of being arranged longitudinally,may be arranged transversely, in connection with suitable filling-headsin the surrounding bars, without any substantial departure from theconstruction above described.

\Vhile I have described the locking mechanism with some particularity, Ido not wish to be understood as confining myself to the particularconstruction shown and described, the essential features of thelocking-bar being such that when placed upon projecting parts of aclosed mold it is moved into a locking position by the opening of theparts of the mold and automatically shifted to a locking position, so asto lock the parts together when the mold is closed; and for this purposethe forms and arrangement of the slots, lugs, 850.,

may be varied at pleasure, provided the func tion and mode of operationremain substantial] y unchanged. 7

I claim herein as my invention- 1. In a mold for casting metals, thecombination of a surrounding frame and a series of spaced stripsarranged within said frame, the frame and strips constituting theeasting-iaces or walls of the mold, substantially as set forth.

2. In a mold for casting metals, the combination of surrounding frameand series of properly-spaced strips arranged longitudinally within saidframe, each strip being notched at one or more points, as at 0", alongits face edge, substantially as set forth.

3. In a mold for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frameand a series of transversely-beveled strips arranged within said frame,the frame and strips constituting the casting faces or walls of themold, substantially as set forth.

i. In a mold for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frame,a series oftrans Versely beveled and notched strips arranged within saidframe, and a series of narrow strips arranged between and separating theother strips, substantially as set forth.

5. In a mold for casting metals, the combi-.

nation of a surrounding frame consisting of top, bottom, and side bars,the top bar being provided with a longitudinal filling-head recess andslots connecting said recess with the matrix of the mold, a series oftransversely beveled and notched strips arranged within the frame, and aseries of narrow spacingstrips, substantially as set forth.

6. In a mold for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frameconsisting of top,botto1n,' and side bars, the top bar having alongitudinal recess and slotsconneeting said- .recess with the uppertransverse groove in the matrix, and thelower bar having recessed lugsconnecting with the lower transverse groove of the matrix, aseries ofstrips being transversely beveled on their sides and ends, and a seriesof narrow spacing-strips, substantially as set forth.

7. A mold for casting metals, consisting of two'parts hinged or jointedtogether, as described, each of said parts having a series of transverseand longitudinalgrooves formed in' its surface, the transverse groovesin one part being somewhat deeper than the like grooves in the otherpart, substantially as set forth.

8: A mold for casting metals, consisting of two parts hinged or jointedtogether, as described, one of said parts having a series of transversevand longitudinal grooves in its surface, and the other part havingtransverse grooves, substantially as set forth.

9. A mold-structure the casting-faces of which are composed wholly orin'part of parallel or approximately parallel strips having beveledsides, said strips being arranged with their beveled sides facing inopposite and outward directions, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination of the two parts of a flask, each part beingprovided with two perforated lugs, one of said lugs on each part havingan adjustable sleeve within its perforations, and apintle, substantiallyas shown and described. v

11. The combination of the two parts of a flask, each part beingprovided-with two perforated lugs, one of said lugs on each part havingan adjustable sleeve within its perforations, a pintle passing throughthe perforations and sleeves of the lugs of each part, and

a pipe extending between the inside lugs and 13. In combination with thetwo parts of a divided mold, a locking mechanism suitably constructed topermit of the opening of the mold, and thereby be shifted to a lockingposition, and to automatically lock the mold in a closed position on theclosing thereof, substantially as set forth. I

14. In combination with the two parts of a divided mold, a lockingmechanism suitably constructed to permit of the opening of the mold, andthereby be shifted to a locking position to limit the opening movement,and to automatically lock the mold in a closed position immediately onthe closing thereof, substantially asset forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES F. BRUSH. Witnesses:

J NO. OROWELL, CHAs. H. Donn e.

